Introduction to Law and Governance kasneb new syllabus notes

PAPER NO. 3     INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND GOVERNANCE

UNIT DESCRIPTION

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This paper is intended to equip the candidate with the knowledge, skills and attitude that will enable him/her to apply the principles of law and legal systems in an entity and ensure compliance with basic principles of governance and ethics.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

A candidate who passes this paper should be able to:

• Demonstrate knowledge of essential elements of the legal system
• Demonstrate knowledge of legal personality
• Apply law of contract and tort in various scenarios
• Apply general principles of business law in practice
• Apply fundamental principles of ethics in practice
• Comply with fundamental principles of governance

CONTENT

1. Nature, Purpose and Classification of Law

• 1.1       Meaning of law
• 1.2       Nature of law
• 1.3       Purpose of law
• 1.4       Classification of law
• 1.5       Law and morality
• 1.6       The Constitution
• 1.7       Legislation and delegated legislation
• 1.8       Substance of common law and doctrines of equity
• 1.9       African customary law
• 1.10     Islamic law, Hindu law and African customary law
• 1.11     Judicial precedence
• 1.12     General rules of International law and ratified treaties

2. Administrative Law

• 2.1       Meaning of administrative law
• 2.2       Sources of administrative law
• 2.3       Functions of administrative laws
• 2.4       Doctrine of separation of powers
• 2.5       Delegated legislation
• 2.6       Control of delegated legislation
• 2.7       Discretion and Judicial count of executive
• 2.8       Liability of state (contractual/ tortious)
• 2.9       Principles of natural justice
• 2.10     Judicial control of the Executive
• 2.11     Independence of Judiciary
• 2.12     Remedies in administrative law (mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, habeas corpus; injunction and declaration)

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3. The Court System

• 3.1       Establishment, structure, composition and jurisdiction of courts
• 3.2       Supreme Court
• 3.3       Court of Appeal
• 3.4       High Court
• 3.5       Employment and Labour Relations Court
• 3.6       Environmental and Land court
• 3.7       International Court of Justice
• 3.8       Magistrates Court
• 3.9       Court Martial
• 3.10     Kadhi’s Court
• 3.11     Distinction between Courts and Tribunals

4. Alternative Dispute Resolutions (ADR)

• 4.1       Nature of alternative dispute resolutions (ADR)
• 4.2       Nature and types of disputes
• 4.3       Legal framework governing ADR
• 4.4       General principles of ADR
• 4.5       Negation and Conciliation
• 4.6       Mediation
• 4.7       Arbitration
• 4.8       Dispute Review Boards
• 4.9       Traditional dispute resolution mechanisms

5. Law of Persons

• Natural and artificial persons
• Nationality, citizenship and domicile
• Unincorporated and incorporated associations
• Co-operative societies

6. Law of Tort

• 6.1       Nature of tort
• 6.2       General defenses under tort
• 6.3       Negligence
• 6.4       Types of liabilities in tort
• 6.5       Trespass
• 6.6       Limitation and survival of actions
• 6.7       Remedies in tort
• 6.8       Principles in awards damages
• 6.9       Defamation

7. Law of Contract

• 7.1       Definition of a contract
• 7.2       Classification of contracts
• 7.3       Essentials of a valid contract
• 7.4       Terms of a contract
• 7.5       Exemption clauses
• 7.6       Vitiating factors
• 7.7       Discharge of contract
• 7.8       Remedies for breach of a contract
• 7.9       Limitation of actions
• 7.10     Contract negotiation
• 7.11     Information technology and the law of contract

8. Sale of Goods

• 8.1       Nature of the contract of sale of goods
• 8.2       Types of goods
• 8.3       Formalities of the contract
• 8.4       Terms of the contract
• 8.5       Implied terms by statute, custom/usage
• 8.6       Rights and duties of the parties
• 8.7       Remedies for price and breach of contract
• 8.8       Auction sales
• 8.9       International contracts of sale: FAS, FOB, CIF, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP, DDP, CFR, DAF, DDU, Ex-works and Ex-ship

9. Agency

• 9.1       Meaning and nature of the agency contract
• 9.2       Types of agents
• 9.3       Parties to the agency relationship
• 9.4       Creation of agency
• 9.5       Authority of an agent
• 9.6       Rights and duties of the parties
• 9.7       Personal liability of agents
• 9.8       Liability of the parties
• 9.9       Termination of agency

10. Partnership

• 10.1     Nature of partnership
• 10.2     Registration process and requirements of partnership business
• 10.3     Types of partnerships
• 10.4     Rights, duties and liabilities of existing, incoming and minor partners
• 10.5     Management of partnerships
• 10.6     Dissolution of partnerships and its consequences

11. Indemnity and Guarantees

• 11.1     Essential features of indemnity
• 11.2     Nature and extent of liability of indemnifier
• 11.3     Commencement of liability of indemnifier
• 11.4     Nature of the contracts; essential features of contract guarantee; distinction between contract of guarantee/ indemnity extent of nature and surety
• 11.5     Obligations of surety
• 11.6     Discharge of surety
• 11.7     Letters of credit
• 11.8     Rights and duties of the parties
• 11.9     Termination of the contract
• 11.10   Remedies for breach of contract

12. Insurance

• 12.1     Nature of the contract; types, parties to negotiable instrument
• 12.2     Formalities of the contract
• 12.3     Types of risks
• 12.4     Parties to the contract of insurance
• 12.5     Principles of insurance
• 12.6     Types of insurance
• 12.7     Transfers and amalgamation
• 12.8     Termination of the contract
• ICT and insurance

13. Negotiable Instruments

• Nature and characteristics
• Negotiability of the instrument
• Types: Cheques, promissory notes, bills of exchange
• Types of crossings
• Obligations of the parties
• Banker- customer relationship
• Presentment; purpose, time, place
• Discharge from liability
• Modes of discharge
• Dishonour, mode of dishonour, nature of protest, penalties for dishonour
• Acceptance for honour
• Criminal liability

14. The Law of Property

• 14.1     Definition of property
• 14.2     Classification of property (real and personal, movable and immovable, tangible and intangible)
• 14.3     Property in land: Private, public and community land
• 14.4     Interests in land: Estates, servitudes and encumbrances
• 14.5     Intellectual property: Plant breeder’s patents, trademarks, copyrights and industrial designs
• 14.6     Administration and management of land
• 14.7     Sectional properties
• 14.8     Management company
• 14.9     Obligations of lessor and lessee in sessional property Act
• 14.10   Transfer of land rights
• 14.11   Role of professionals (Advocates, Certified Secretaries) in land transactions

15. Introduction to corporate governance

• 15.1     Corporate governance – Definition and objects
• 15.2     Principles of corporate governance
• 15.3     Best practice in corporate governance
• 15.4     Role of stakeholders (shareholders, Board of Directors, Government)
• 15.5     Conflict of interest – Investor education and protection of shareholders
• 15.6     Compliance obligations
• 15.7     Legal Audit- definition and objects

16. Professional Ethics

• Introduction and overview of professional ethics
• Professional misconduct
• Publicity and advertisement
• Morality and etiquette
• Professional ethics for accountants, corporate secretaries
• Ethics and practice within a firm
• Enforcement of professional ethics and standards

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